Rosemary plant extract as a natural anti-oxidant is 4 times stronger than synthetic anti-oxidant like BHT and BHA. For this reason, it has been under attention not only for its anti-oxidant properties rather for its anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, and anti-virus properties in different studies. This research investigates the effects of temperature, time, pH, and substance concentration in the labeling of irradiated rosmarinic ACID by radioisotope gallium-67 as a high-resolution imaging agent for SPECT imaging. In this study, gamma irradiated rosmarinic ACID nanoparticles at 20 kGy and 30 kGy levels in two concentrations of 0.5 and 1% were radiolabeled by gallium-67 radioisotope produced in Karaj cyclotron, and their efficiency and radiochemical purity were compared. Labeling conditions (including pH, temperature, time, and compound concentration) were investigated. Quality control was performed by thin-layer chromatography (RTLC). Resulting from the experiments, 30 kGy level and 1% concentration at 45 °C for 30 minutes at pH = 5.5-6 proved to be the best time for labeling rosemary nanoparticles, and the highest radiochemical purity achieved was 95%; radio conjugate also showed good stability after 12 hours.

Introduction: Hemophilia is one of the most important coagulation disorders. At the present time the current treatment is factor replacement which may lead to many socio-economic problems and also transmission of some viral infections. In this study we evaluate an alternative treatment to factor replacement to decrease the aforementioned problems. Material and Methods: This was an interventional study and the statistical population included all Hemophilia patients that referred to Besat Hospital. They were randomly divided into two groups: an intervention group of 13 patients and a control group of 15 patients. Tranexamic ACID was only used for the intervention group (15 patients). Then the data was assessed by spss win software. Results: In the intervention group bleeding episodes were reduced significantly (from 4.07 episodes per month to 3 episodes per month) and so was the need for factor replacement (from 80.1 u/kg/m to 58.7 u/kg/m). In the control group bleeding episodes and the need for factor replacement did not differ prior to and during the study. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that daily prophylactic use of TEA is effective in reducing bleeding episodes and decreasing the need for factor replacement in hemophilia patients. However, due to increased PTT and decreased serum clotting factors in patients, the risk of life threatening bleeding is likely to be high. Thus we don’t recommend the use of TEA as a prophylactic measure in hemophilia.  

Background and Objective: Textile wastewaters are known as an important environmental pollutant. The main characteristic of textile wastewater is its colorness, which contains various organic and inorganic pollutants. Therefore it is necessary to treat such effluent effectively before discharging into the environment.Methods: In a fundamental-applicable study, removal efficiency of ACID red 18 and ACID red 14 using zero valent iron powder has been investigated. Parameters studied include pH (3-11), contact time (15-120 min), and initial concentration of iron powder (0.5-2 g/L).Results: Batch experiments show that dye removal was increased with increasing mass of iron powder and contact time, while decreased with increasing of pH. The high removal efficiency was observed in pH=3, contact time=120 min and iron powder concentration of 2 g/L. The result of kinetic studies shows that removal of ACID red 18 and ACID red 14 was best described by pseudo-second order kinetic model.Conclusion: the overall results of present work shows efficient removal of ACID red 18 and ACID 14 by zero valent iron powder.

Wastewater from the textile industry, especially that containing azo compounds, often contains toxic materials that persist in the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the performance of various methods for their removal. ACID red 37 combinations represent a single structure in the azo dyes which have already been widely used in the textile industry. The purpose this study is the optimization of effective factors and investigation performance of the electrofenton and electrocoagulation methods in synthetic wastewater for ACID Red 37 dye removal from aqueous solutions. In this study, synthetic wastewater was formed from ACID Red 37 dye and pilot Scale and the concentration, pH, electrical density and temperature parameters were investigated. Ultimately the optimum conditions were determined as well as the amount of energy consumption at 90 percent efficiency. To investigate the pollutant degradation GC-Mass was used and the results show that both methods had the ability to remove ACID Red 37. Electrocoagulation was found to be more efficient than the electrofenton method; respectively, the optimum conditions for removal by the electrofenton and electrocoagulation methods were pH=3, time=120 min, density- 30 mA.cm2, concentration=50 mg/L, consumption energy 142.8 KWh/Kg Dye and pH=7 time=120 min, density- 30 mA.cm2, concentration=150 mg/L, consumption energy 130.2 KWh/Kg Dye. These results show that the electrocoagulation method was better than electrofenton with its high ability for removal ACID Red 37.

Background and Objectives: In the recent years, we confront to harmful effects of toxins such as herbicides on aquatic species due to irregular consumption of these compounds in agricultural operations and drainage of them to water ecosystems. In the present study, the effect of 2,4-D + MCPA “the frequently used herbicide in Kurdistan province” was assessed on the hematological parameters and liver enzymes in rainbow trout as the main aquatic species farmed in this area.Materials and Methods: After determination of LC50 using Probit model, 60 healthy trout fish with an average weight of 97 g were divided into two groups. The first group was considered as control and in the second treatment group, 1 cc/L herbicide (equivalent to 360 mg/L 2,4-D + 315 mg/L MCPA) was used. After 72 hours, hematology parameters including total number of red and white blood cells, differential count of white blood cells, hematocrit, and serum levels of ALT and AST enzymes were measured.Results: The values of blood tests including leukocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils in the toxin group was significantly increased in comparison with control group, whereas, the values of lymphocytes, erythrocytes and hematocrit were significantly decreased in toxin group compared with the control (p<0.05). There was no difference between the level of neutrophils in the treatment and control groups. The levels of liver enzymes, ALT and AST, in the treatment group increased significantly compared with the control group (P<0.05). The mortality rate after of 72 hours was 25% in the group treated with the toxin.Conclusions: Erythrocytes and hematocrit amounts of blood in rainbow trout were decreased due to exposure to 2,4-D + MCPA herbicide that eventually leads to oxygen deficiency and inefficient blood supply. The contact of red blood cells and hematopoietic tissues to toxin and destruction of them are led to loss of the cells in the blood. On the other hand, liver, kidney and gills autopsy of the wasted fish and the increasing of liver enzymes in the blood and tissues showed that exposure to the toxin lead to damages in fish blood cells and tissues.

Background: Hemostasis has turned into one of the major concerns in surgery and anesthesia. Anesthesiologists are always pursuing new methods and medications to avoid allogenic and autologous blood transfusion. The present study aimed at examining the effects of tranexamic ACID on the reduction of hemorrhage and the need for transfusion. Methods: A sequential controlled clinical trial was performed on 60 patients referred to Imam Hossein Hospital, with femoral fracture, aged between 20 to 50, and with no coexisting diseases. The patients were divided into trial and control groups of 30 each. Prior to the surgery, the trial group received 10mg/kg dose of Tranexamic ACID. Results: There were significant differences between the two groups with the average blood loss in trial group 675±208.7cc and in control group 998.4±230.9cc. In trial group, 5 patients and in control group 14 patients received Allogenic blood in which the difference was also statistically significant (P<0.02). Conclusion: It is concluded that the use of Tranexamic ACID reduces operational hemorrhage and blood transfusion during femoral fracture surgery. Further evaluation of safety is required before recommending the use of antifibrinolytics in orthopedic surgery.

The differential diagnosis between pleomorphic adenoma, the most common salivary gland neoplasm, microscopically, and two other common salivary gland neoplasms, meaning adenoid cystic carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma, is difficut.The purpose of this study was to determine the differences between pleomorphic adenoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma regarding the staining intensity with PTAH and H&E and also to investigate the relationship between staining intensity with PTAH and malignancy grade in mucoepidermoid carcinoma. 72 paraffin embeded samples including 24 pleomorphic adenoma, 24 adenoid cystic carcinoma and 24 mucoepidermoid carcinoma were selected and stained with PTAH. The staining intensity in total, in nucleus and cytoplasm of tumoral cells were evaluated and compared with H & E staining, statistically. The results were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis, and Wilcoxon signed ranks tests (P<0.05).The logistic model was presented to predict the degree of malignancies through the assessment of nucleus and cytoplasm staining intensity in tumoral cells, and the patient’s age. In this study, a statistically significant relationship was observed between staining intensity by PTAH and H& E in nucleus of tumoral cells in pleomorphic adenoma. Moreover, statistically significant relation between staining intensity by PTAH and H & E in cytoplasm of tumoral cells in adenoid cystic carcinoma was found. But there was no relation in other cases. On the other hand, a statistically significant relation between intensity of staining in total, in nucleus and cytoplasm of tumoral cells and the type of tumor was found. No relation was obtained between malignancy grade of mucoepidermoid carcinoma and staining intensity in total, in nucleus and cytoplasm of tumoral cells. The presented logistic model indicated a direct relation between tumor malignancy with patient’s age and staining intensity in nucleus of tumoral cells, but a reverse relation was found between cytoplasm staining intensity in tumoral cells and tumor malignancy. Our findings show that PTAH and H & E staining methods, lead to similar results, however, PTAH staining is a reliable method in differential diagnosis of such salivary gland tumors.